Posted January 30, 2026
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common medical problems in senior pets and the most common cause of chronic pain in dogs. It is a multi-factorial disease, which involves not only the cartilage, but also all of the other structures within a joint. Although we think of OA as primarily affecting middle-aged to older, large-breed dogs, it can actually occur in any breed and any age of animal, including cats. There is a connection between OA and obesity, and overweight animals often show more severe clinical signs than those at a proper weight. This is due not only to increased forces on the joints from the excess weight, but also to an increase in pro-inflammatory substances which are found in fat. The signs of OA vary significantly between individuals and depend on many factors, including the severity of disease, which joints are affected, and the personality of the animal. OA can present in many ways, from very subtle behavioral changes (such as reluctance to get on furniture or climb stairs), to an overt lameness or inability to rise and anything in between.
Osteoarthritis Is More Than Joint Soreness
Osteoarthritis is often misunderstood as nothing more than simple joint soreness; however the effects of OA are much more far-reaching than a pinpointed area of pain alone. The pain component starts a vicious cycle in which the animal begins to exercise less, resulting in a decrease in muscle mass and decreased strength. This decrease in muscle mass provides less support for the joints which results in more instability and more joint pain. Additionally, decreased muscle mass can cause mobility impairment and behavioral changes. Dogs often compensate for this pain by altering their gait and stance, which causes secondary musculoskeletal changes at sites distant from the primary problem.
Managing Osteoarthritis in Pets
There are many different management options available to enhance the comfort and quality of life of our pets with OA. The best option is to start early and focus on prevention. A large part of this approach involves life-long weight management through proper diet and exercise. Additionally, joint supplements formulated for dogs or cats such as omega 3 fatty acids (Fish Oil) UCII, Vitamin E, and glucosamine/chondroitin started early in life may enhance joint nutrition and decrease inflammation. For animals with more advanced cases of OA, a combination of different therapies is most effective. This includes various methods for decreasing pain and inflammation, joint supplements, weight reduction, exercise modification and physical rehabilitation.
Pain Control and Rehabilitation Therapy
Pain and inflammation are most commonly controlled through medications and alternative therapies, such as low-level laser therapy, pemf, shockwave and acupuncture. Once the pain and inflammation is under control, a consistent, low-impact, controlled exercise program is imperative for building muscle mass and re-strengthening muscles. A rehabilitation program designed by a canine rehabilitation therapist can be very useful for beginning and maintaining an appropriate exercise regime. The therapist will develop a home exercise plan that is based on the individual needs of both the owner and their pet and will guide the owner in how to perform the exercises at home. This program will be adjusted at every rehabilitation session based on the progress of the animal and how the program is working out for both the owner and the animal.
The Role of Hydrotherapy and Strengthening Exercises
A rehabilitation program for arthritic animals often includes hydrotherapy sessions, such as walking in the underwater treadmill. This type of exercise can be very beneficial for arthritic animals because the buoyancy of the water decreases the forces on painful joints and allows for a more comfortable form of exercise. The water height can be adjusted to various levels to provide resistance, which will help build muscle mass, strength and endurance. In addition to hydrotherapy, there are countless other strengthening exercises that can be beneficial for an animal with arthritis. Many of these can be done at home with no special equipment and can be easily incorporated into your daily routine. Additionally, a rehabilitation therapist will identify any secondary musculoskeletal problems your pet may have and will also provide exercises to help combat those issues as well.
Early Intervention Matters
Osteoarthritis is a progressive and incurable condition, but early recognition and proper management can significantly improve outcomes. If you notice any changes in your pet that may be related to aging or arthritis—no matter how subtle—it is important to consult your veterinarian promptly to discuss available treatment options. Canine Rehabilitation & Conditioning Group offers comprehensive osteoarthritis management through individualized rehabilitation programs, integrative therapies, and expert-led care designed to reduce pain, improve mobility, and support long-term joint health. With pets living longer than ever, proactive osteoarthritis care plays a critical role in preserving comfort, movement, and overall quality of life throughout the senior years.